14-3-3 proteins are a family of small, widely expressed, highly conserved cytosolic proteins. 14-3-3 proteins bind to and influence the activities of a diverse group of molecules involved in signal transduction, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, including Raf, PKC, Bad, Cbl, and c-Bcr. Interactions between 14-3-3 and target proteins are strongly influenced by the phosphorylation state of 14-3-3 and the target protein. Expression of 14-3-3 gamma is higher in cells from vascular smooth muscle, skeletal and heart muscle. In Alzheimer