Insulin BioAssay(TM) ELISA Kit

Insulin BioAssay(TM) ELISA Kit is a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). This test is designed for in vitro quantitative measurement of insulin in human serum and plasma. Principle of the Assay: Insulin is a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The wells are coated with monoclonal antibody with higher activity for insulin. When the samples, and controls are incubated in the wells with enzyme conjugate, which is another antibodies linked to horseradish peroxidase to form a sandwich complex bound to the well. Unbound conjugate are then washed off with wash buffer. The amount of bounded peroxidase is proportional to the concentration of the insulin present in the sample. Upon addition of the substrate and chromogen, the intensity of color will develop in proportional to the concentration of insulin in the samples. Summary and Explanation of Test: Insulin is the principal hormone responsible for glucose metabolism. It is synthesized in the cells of the islets of Langerhans as the precuror, proinsulin, which is processed to form C-peptide and insulin and both are secreted in equimolar amounts into the portal circulation. The mature insulin molecule comprises two polypeptide chairs, the A chain (21 amino acids) and the B chain (30 amino acids), which are linked by two inter-chain disulphide bridges. There is, in addition, a single intra-chain disulphide bridge in the A chain. The sequence of insulin is highly conserved in mammalian species, and is homologous with the insulin-like growth factors IGF-I and IGF-II. Secretion of insulin is mainly controlled by plasma glucose concentration and the hormones have a number of important metabolic actions. Its principal function is to control the uptake and utilization of glucose in peripheral tissues via the glucose transporter. This and other hypoglycaemic activities, such as the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are counteracted by the hyperglycaemic hormones including glucagons, epinephrine(adrenaline), growth hormone and cortisol. Insulin concentrations are severely reduced in insulin-dependent diabetes (DDM) and some other conditions such as hypopituitarism. Insulin concentrations may be raised in non-insulin- dependant diabetes (NIDDM), obesity, insulinoma and some endocrine dysfunctions such as Cushing