Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is a widely used technique for separating macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this process, charged ions migrate under an electric field. The mobility of charged molecules is proportional to their net charge and the resistance of the solution they pass through. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic detergent, imparts a net negative charge to polypeptide chains over a broad pH range.