Protein Expression

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The proteome, or complete set of proteins present in an organism, differs from the genome, which contains all the genetic coding for the organism, because the expression of proteins within a particular cell varies with location in the body, health of the cell, and the organism’s stage of development. Protein expression occurs when messenger RNA (mRNA) uses genetic information...

...transcribed from a cell’s DNA to code the synthesis of (or translate) many identical protein molecules. Once the long polypeptide chain of the protein’s amino acids have been assembled by the mRNA, its components begin to interact chemically, and assisted by enzymes, form bonds which fold up the chain into the molecule’s final 3-dimensional shape. A cell can control protein expression by completely blocking or reducing one or more of the many steps toward synthesis, beginning with RNA transcription.

In the lab, protein expression has been harnessed through a group of techniques to create large quantities of a specific protein molecule for research or therapy purposes. Recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell or species, such as a bacteria, virus, yeast, protozoa, or insect or mammalian cell, which then express, or overexpress, the desired proteins. These proteins may be secreted from the host and/or screened and purified using affinity tags. Protein expression is used for medical therapeutics and vaccines, clinical diagnostics, drug discovery and development, genetics and genomics, food & beverage testing, and many other applications.

Instrumentation and equipment for protein expression include blot PVDF membranes; microplate readers; gel electrophoresis imaging systems; microscopy systems; spectrophotometers; cell culture incubators; culture media; cell growth containers; particle analyzers; liquid, ion and HPLC chromatography systems; LC column heaters and chillers; autosamplers; microvolume cuvettes; homogenizers; centrifuges; ultralow freezers; water bath shakers; autoclaves; benchtop transfection systems; roller bottle processing systems; laboratory and sample information management systems; sequencing software; and DNA sequencing services.

Biochemicals and reagents for protein expression include transfection reagents; protein standards; monoclonal antibodies; oligonucleotides; recombinant proteins; vaccines; antibody drug conjugates; PCR primers; gene fragments; ELISA kits and assays; protein extraction kits; purification kits; RNA polymerase; transcription kits; cDNA synthesis kits; stabilizers; endotoxin removal kits and services; bacteria capture kits; custom recombinant protein production; and cell lysing kits.

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