3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA)

MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Ecstasy) is a psychoactive amphetamine drug with entactogenic, psychedelic, and stimulant effects. The mechanism of action of MDMA's unusual effects has yet to be fully understood, although it is generally thought that the primary relevant pharmacological characteristic of the drug is its affinity for the plasmalemmal membrane transport protein the serotonin transporter (SERT). The SERT is a part of serotonergic neurons and removes the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) from the synapse via reuptake for termination and recycling purposes after action potentials. Not only does MDMA inhibit the reuptake of serotonin through its action at the SERT, but it also reverses its action through a process known as phosphorylation. This results in the transporter conversely releasing serotonin into the synapse from inside the cell instead.\n\nFor the above reasons, MDMA is classified as a combination serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) and serotonin releasing agent (SRA), though it is typically only referred to as the latter definition essentially includes SRI properties. In addition to its actions on serotonin, MDMA causes the same effects on the norepinephrine transporter (NET) and dopamine transporter (DAT), thus inducing release of norepinephrine and dopamine as well, respectively, and hence, it can also be called a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) and norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (NDRA), or, in full, as a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). MDMA's unusual entactogenic effects have been hypothesized to be, at least partly, the result of indirect oxytocin release via serotonergic neuromodulation.\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA. Other applications not tested.\n \nRecommended Dilution:\nELISA: 9.72ug/ml \nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nMatch to: M3540-95\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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