AIFM1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 8, Apoptosis-inducing Factor 1, Mitochondrial, AIF, PDCD8)

AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor) was initially discovered as a protein involved in caspase-independent cell death. It is now known that AIF has both vital and lethal functions (reviewed in Modjtahedi et al, 2006). In healthy cells, AIF is a flavoprotein present in the mitochondria where it has vital roles in cellular redox metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In many models of apoptosis, AIF is released from the mitochondria during mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization along with other mitochondrial proteins. Upon release, AIF translocates first to the cytosol and then to the nucleus where it induces chromatin condensation and DNA degradation. Although several lines of evidence suggest that AIF is a main mediator of capsase-independent cell death, the mechanisms regulating AIF pro-apoptotic function remain to be fully elucidatied and may depend on the cell type and type of apoptotic stimuli. Human AIF is transcribed from a nuclear gene located on the X chromosome and translated in the cytoplasm to a precursor protein of 613aa which corresponds to ~67kD. The precursor protein is imported into the mitochonria by mitochondrial localization sequences located within the N-terminal prodomain of AIF. Once inside the mitochondria, the prodomain is cleaved giving rise to a mature AIF form of ~57kD. AIF isoforms generated from a single AIF gene have been identified, including AIF short isoform 2 (324aa protein; GenBank no. gbAAY84739.1) and AIF short isoform 3 (237aa protein; GenBank no. gbAAY84741.1) (reviewed in Delttre et al, 2006). The generation of multiple isoforms from a common gene is an evolutionary mechanism that increases protein diversiity in eukaryotes. Regulating gene expression through the production of multiple isoforms from a single gene is thought to play a major role in the control of apoptosis and other forms of programmed cell death. Recognizes AIF and AIF isoforms containing the peptide immunogen sequence, RARDPGARVLIVSEDPELP. Applications: Suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunoprecipitation. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Western Blot: 1:1000-1:2000 Immunohistochemistry (formalin fixed paraffin embedded): 1:1000-1:5000 Immunoprecipitation: 1:50-1:200 Immunohistochemistry: Frozen Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Positive Control: Spleen, lymphoid, many cancer cell lines Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.