AKT protein family, which members are also called protein kinases B (PKB) plays an important role in mammalian cellular signaling. In humans, there are three genes in the Akt family: Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3. These genes code for enzymes that are members of the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase family. Akt1 is involved in cellular survival pathways, by inhibiting apoptotic processes. Akt1 is also able to induce protein synthesis pathways, and is therefore a key signaling protein in the cellular pathways that lead to skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and general tissue growth. Since it can block apoptosis, and thereby promote cell survival, Akt1 has been implicated as a major factor in many types of cancer. Akt (now also called Akt1) was originally identified as the oncogene in the transforming retrovirus, AKT8 (1). AKT8 was isolated by Stephen Staal in the laboratory of Wallace P. Rowe; he ubsequently cloned v-akt and human AKT1 and AKT2 while on staff at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center (2). Akt2 is an important signaling molecule in the Insulin signaling pathway, it is required to induce glucose transport. Franke et al. (1995) show that AKT1 and AKT2 are activated by PDGF. The activation was rapid and specific, and it was abrogated by mutations in the Akt Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. They identify that Akt is a novel target of PI 3-kinase and suggest that the Akt PH domain may be a mediator of PI 3-kinase signaling.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Immunofluorescence, Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Immunofluorescence: 1:100-1:200
Western Blot: 1:500-1:1000
Immunohistochemistry: 1:50-1:100
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
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