Akt1 (Rac PKa, PKBa)

Akt plays a critical role in controlling survival and apoptosis. This protein kinase is activated by insulin and various growth and survival factors to function in a wortmannin-sensitive pathway involving PI3 kinase. Akt is activated by phospholipid binding and activation loop phosphorylation at Thr308 by PDK1 and by phosphorylation within the carboxy terminus at Ser473. The previously elusive PDK2 responsible for phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 has been identified as mammalian target of rapamycin(mTor) in a rapamycin-insensitive complex with rictor and Sin1. Akt promotes cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis by phosphorylating and inactivating several targets, including Bad, forkhead transcription factors, c-Raf and caspase-9. Another essential Akt function is the regulation of glycogen synthesis through phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3a and b. Akt may also play a role in insulin stimulation of glucose transport. In addition to its role in survival and glycogen synthesis, Akt is involved in cell cycle regulation by preventing GSK-3b mediated phosphorylation and degradation of cyclin D1 and by negatively regulating the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors p27 Kip and p21Waf1/CIP1. Akt also plays a critical role in cell growth by directly phosphorylating mTOR in a rapamycin-sensitive complex containing raptor. More importantly, Akt phosphorylates and inactivates tuberin(TSC2), an inhibitor of mTOR within the mTOR-raptor complex. Inhibition of mTOR stops the protein synthesis machinery by inactivating p70 S6 kinase and activating the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4E-BP1), an inhibitor of translation.\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA, Immunoprecipitation, Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence and Flow Cytometry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions: \nImmunoprecipitation: 1:100\nImmunofluorescence (IF-IC): 1:50\nFlow Cytometry: 1:50\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability: \nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

A1125

Size

50ul

Applications

FC, ICC, IF, IP

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse, Rat

Form

Supplied as liquid in 10mM sodium HEPES, pH 7.5, 150mM sodium chloride, 0.1mg/ml BSA 50% glycerol. No preservative added. Available without azide, BSA and glycerol. See A1125.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Ascites

Isotype

IgG1

References

1. Franke, T.F. (1997) Cell 88, 435-437. 2. Burgering, B.T. and Coffer, P.J. (1995) Nature 376, 599-602. 3. Franke, T. F. et al. (1995) Cell 81, 727-736. 4. Alessi, D. R. et al. (1996) EMBO J. 15, 6541-6551. 5. Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2005) Science 307, 1098-101. 6. Jacinto, E. et al. (1998) Cell 96, 857-68. 7. Cardone, M. H. et al. (1998) Science 282, 1318-1321. 8. Brunet, A. et al. (1999) Cell 96, 857-868. 9. Zimmermann, S. et al. (1999) Science 286, 1741-4. 10. Cantley, L. C. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4240-4245. 11. Vlahos, C. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5241-5248.

Additional Info

Recognizes endogenous levels of human Akt. Does not crossreact with other related proteins. Species Crossreactivity: Hamster, mouse and rat.