Angiostatin Kringles 1-4, Human

Purified human Kringles 1-4 (MW ~50kD doublet) is prepared from human fluids negative for HBsAg, HIV, and HCV.\n\nActivity: Biologically active. Human angiostatin significantly inhibits bFGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration at concentration ranging from 300nM-1uM.\n\nEmbryonic vascular system undergoes a series of complex, highly regulated series of events involving differentiation, migration and association of primitive endothelial cells. This process is termed vasculogenesis. A further remodeling of the primitive vascular system forms the mature cardiovascular system. This process is known as angiogenesis (sprouting of new capillary vessels from pre-existing vasculature). Angiogenesis accounts for the formation of vasculature into previously avascular organs such as brain and kidney. Angiogenic activity in the adult is required during the normal tissue repair, and for the remodeling of the female reproductive organs (ovulation and placental development). Certain pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and diabetic retinopathy, also require angiogenesis.\n\nRecent studies have identified several proteolytic fragments or cryptic domains of proteins that act as inhibitors of angiogenesis. These include fragments of plasminogen such as Angiostatin protein (kringles 1-4) and kringles 1-5, C-terminal proteolytic fragment of Collagen XVIII (Endostatin protein), the NC10 domain of collagen 15 (Restin), the C-terminal hemopexin-like domain of MMP-2 (PEX), the N-terminal fragment of prolactin, and the N-terminally truncated platelet factor. Angiostatin protein, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, is comprised of the first four kringle regions. It prevents the growth of endothelial cells, and its systemic administration inhibits the growth of primary carcinomas in mice. Kringles 1-3 fragment has a greater inhibitory activity than the Kringles 1-4 fragment. The protease-activated Kringles 1-5 is the most potent plasminogen fragment with over 50-fold greater endothelial cell specific inhibitory activity. Its systemic administration inhibited the growth of fibrosarcoma and significantly reduced neovascularization.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

A2294-35A

Size

50ug

Applications

ELISA

Form

Supplied as a liquid in 20mM Hepes, 40mM sodium chloride, pH 8.0.

Purity

~ 98% (SDS-PAGE)

References

1. Peterson Te et al (1990) JBC 265, 6104-6111. 2. Forsgren m et al (1987) FEBS Lett. 213, 254-260. 3. Malinowski DP et al (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4243-4250. 4. O