Angiostatin Kringles 5

Embryonic vascular system undergoes a series of complex, highly regulated series of events involving differentiation, migration and association of primitive endothelial cells. This process is termed vasculogenesis. A further remodeling of the primitive vascular system forms the mature cardiovascular system. This process is known as angiogenesis (sprouting of new capillary vessels from pre-existing vasculature). Angiogenesis accounts for the formation of vasculature into previously avascular organs such as brain and kidney. Angiogenic activity in the adult is required during the normal tissue repair, and for the remodeling of the female reproductive organs (ovulation and placental development). Certain pathological conditions, such as tumor growth and diabetic retinopathy, also require angiogenesis. Recent studies have identified several proteolytic fragments or cryptic domains of proteins that act as inhibitors of angiogenesis. These include fragments of plasminogen such as Angiostatin protein (kringles 1-4) and kringles 1-5, C-terminal proteolytic fragment of Collagen XVIII (Endostatin protein), the NC10 domain of collagen 15 (Restin), the C-terminal hemopexin-like domain of MMP-2 (PEX), the N-terminal fragment of prolactin, and the N-terminally truncated platelet factor. Angiostatin protein, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, is comprised of the first four kringle regions. It prevents the growth of endothelial cells, and its systemic administration inhibits the growth of primary carcinomas in mice. Kringles 1-3 fragment has a greater inhibitory activity than the kringles 1-4 fragment. The protease-activated kringles 1-5 is the most potent plasminogen fragment with over 50-fold greater endothelial cell specific inhibitory activity. Its systemic administration inhibited the growth of fibrosarcoma and significantly reduced neovascularization.\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\nRecommended Dilutions:\nWestern Blot: 1-3 ug/ml. Detects 10-50ng recombinant protein.\nELISA: 0.5-2ug/ml using 100-200ng coated protein/well.\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

A2294-45

Size

50ug

Applications

ELISA, WB

Hosts

Rat

Reactivities

Mouse

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.4.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein A/G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG1

References

General References: Peterson Te et al (1990) JBC 265, 6104-6111; Forsgren m et al (1987) FEBS Lett. 213, 254-260; Malinowski DP et al (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4243-4250; O'Reilly MS et al (1994) Cell 79, 315-328; Sim BK et al (1997) Cancer Res. 57, 1329-1334; Wu Z et al (1997) BBRC 236, 651. O'Reilly MS et al (1994) Cell 79, 315-328, Cao E et al (1999) PNAS 96, 5728; Cao Y et al (1997) JBC, 272, 22924; Peterson Te et al (1990) JBC 265, 6104-6111; Forsgren m et al (1987) FEBS Lett. 213, 254-260; Malinowski DP et al (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4243-4250; ; Sim BK et al (1997) Cancer Res. 57, 1329-1334; Wu Z et al (1997) BBRC 236, 651.

Additional Info

Recognizes mouse Angiostatin. Shows poor reactivity with human K5.