anti-Membrane-Spanning 4-Domains, Subfamily A, Member 1 (MS4A1) antibody: The antibody reacts with a formalin-resistant epitop of the CD20-antigen which is found on most B-cells. CD20 is therefore called pan-B-cell marker. The antibody detects a polypeptide of 33 kDa and a smaller cellular antigen of 30 kDa. The antibody derived from clone L26 is the best and most specific pan-B-cell antibody. It shows no cross-reactivity with non-lymphatic tissue. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a complex technique in which immunological and histological detection methods are combined. In general, the manipulation and processing of tissues before immunostaining, especially different types of tissue fixation and embedding, as well as the nature of the tissues themselves may cause inconsistent results (Nadji and Morales, 1983). Endogenous pseudoperoxidase and peroxidase activity or endogenous biotin and alkaline phosphatase activity can cause non-specific staining results depending on the detection system used. Tissues that contain Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can produce false positives when using HRP detection systems (Omata et al, 1980). Insufficient contrast staining and/or improper mounting of the sample may influence the interpretation of results.
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