Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful therapeutic tools. These glycoproteins, belonging to the immunoglobulin (Ig) family, are utilized by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign organisms or antigens. Ig's are classified in five groups, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM (as ?, ?, ?, ?, and ?), based on the structure of their constant regions. Among these, IgG subtypes-predominantly used in approved therapeutic mAbs-are distinguished by their 'Y shaped structure,