MUC16/CA125 antigen is a serum marker that is used routinely in gynecologic practice to monitor patients with ovarian cancer. It is a mullerian duct differentiation antigen that is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer cells and secreted into the blood, although its expression is not entirely confined to ovarian cancer. Most biochemical studies have concluded that MUC16/CA125 is a high molecular mass glycoprotein.
According to the ISOBM-TD-1 workshop, CA125 contains three antigenic domains: A-domain (Oc125), B-domain (M11), C-Domain (Ov197). The CA-125 antigen is present on a mucin-like glycoprotein of >200kD and is detectable on the apical surface of normal endometrium and endocervix.
CA 125, a high-molecular-weight mucin, was first defined in 1981 by the monoclonal antibody OC125. It is a large glycoprotein which is anchored to the epithelium by a transmembrane domain and is released into the extracellular space by enzymatic cleavage. CA 125 is composed of an N-terminal domain, a tandem repeat region, and a short cytoplasmic tail. The N-terminal domain consists of 1637aa, the tandem repeat domain is made up of 40
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