Cardiolipin (CL) consists of two phosphatidyl molecules. It is a tetra-acylated glycerophospholipid that plays crucial roles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. CL is found in membranes involved in creating electrochemical gradients, which aid in ATP production and substance transporting across the cell membrane. CL is abundant in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, particularly in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it closely associates with cytochrome c oxidase, necessary for efficient ......