Cholera Toxin, B Subunit (Choleragenoid) (Biotin)

Cholera toxin is an oligomeric protein of MW 84kD and consists of a single A subunit surrounded by five B subunits. It is a potent activator of adenylate cyclase and is the pathogenic agent responsible for the symptoms of cholera. The B subunit (choleragenoid) is responsible for the binding of the holotoxin to G M1 ganglioside receptors on mammalian cell surfaces and facilitates entrance of the A subunit into the cell. The A subunit bears the ADP-ribosyl-transferase activity, which deregulates the G sprotein causing activation of adenylate cyclase. Due to the ubiquitous occurrence of the GM1 ganglioside receptor on eukaryotic cell membranes, cholera toxin activates adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of systems.\n\nCholera toxin has become a powerful research tool not only in microbiology, but in the fields of physiology, cell biology and biochemistry, as well. Because of the effect on adenylate cyclase, cholera toxin and its purified A subunit are frequently used for the study of signal transduction mechanisms. In addition, cholera toxin acts as an adjuvant through the stimulation of B-lymphocytes. The cholera toxin B subunit alone is used for track tracing in neurological research, taking advantage of GM1 ganglioside binding and retrograde transport.\n\nCholera toxin is isolated from Vibrio cholerae type Inaba 569B by modification of the methods of Rappaport et al. and Mekalanos et al. When equal weights are compared, the A subunit exhibits 3 to 5 times the transferase activity of the holotoxin. The B subunit exhibits little to no transferase activity.\n\nCholera toxin and native subunits all undergo treatment for the removal of contaminating endotoxin and are sterile as packaged.\n\nActivity:\nWhen compared to a standard solution of B subunit at the same protein concentration, exhibits comparable ganglioside binding activity in a hemagglutination assay. In immunodiffusion studies, shows comparable immunoprecipitation to unbiotinylated standard when reacted against a specific antiserum to B subunit.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at 4 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O and store at 4 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap.\n\nHandling:\nGood laboratory technique should be employed in the safe handling of this product. This requires observing the following practices: \n1. Wear appropriate laboratory attire including a lab coat, gloves and safety glasses. \n2. Do not mouth pipette, inhale, ingest or allow to come into contact with open wounds. Wash thoroughly any area of the body which comes into contact with the product. \n3. Avoid accidental autoinoculation by exercising extreme care when handling in conjunction with any injection device.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

C4275-36F

Size

200ug

Conjugates

Biotin

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder. from 0.01M sodium phosphate, pH 7.5. Labeled with Biotin. Reconstitute with 400ul sterile dH2O.

Purity

Purified

References

Bradford, M.M. (1976) Anal. Biochem. 72, 248-254. Bayer, E.A., Skutelsky, E. and Wilchek, M. (1979) Methods Enzymol. 62, 308-315. Finkelstein, R.A., Boesman, M., Neoh, S.H., LaRue, M.K. and Delaney, R. (1974) J. Immun. 113 , 145-150. Gill, D.M. (1976) Biochemistry 15 , 1242-1248. Lai, C.Y. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252 , 7249-7256. Finkelstein, R.A. (1973) CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 2, 553-623. van Heyningen, W.E. (1974) Nature 249 , 415-417. Holmgren, J. and L