Coronin 1A

Coronin 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CORO1A gene. It has been implicated in both T-cell mediated immunity and mitochondrial apoptosis. In a recent genome-wide longevity study, its expression levels were found to be negatively associated both with age at the time of blood sample and the survival time after blood draw. Human Coronin 1A is a 51,026 dalton protein (461 amino acids) expressed intrcellularly in macrophages and other cell types of the immune system. In the CNS, coronin 1A is expressed exclusively by microglial cells. Although its function is not entirely clear, there are reasons to believe that coronin serves as a linkage protein between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane, and perhaps the extracellular matrix. Coronin was originally discovered in Dictyostelium, where it was found to be involved in the chemotactic response of these ameboid cells. The name derives from the fact that the protein is localized at the leading edge or crown of these highly motile cells. The name derives from Corona, which is latin for crown. Coronin homologues have been found in yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila and many other species, and a family them are known in mammals. All coronins belong to the WD40 or WD family of proteins, the prototype or which is the beta subunit of trimeric G-proteins. The beta subunit proteins all have a beautiful conserved wheel-like seven bladed beta-propeller structure, with each blade being formed by four beta strands generated by one of the WD sequence repeats. The G protein beta subunits are believed to function as general purpose binding adapters, mediating numerous regulatory binding interactions between G proteins, G protein coupled receptors and G protein effectors. Although sequence analyis suggested that coronin 1A only possess 5 of the these WD repeats, recent structural studies show that, like the G protein beta-subunits, there are seven beta-propellers, generating a compact 7 bladed propellor. Coronins appear to be particularly involved in binding to actin, actin associated proteins, tubulin and phospholipase C and have been implicated in the mechanisms of chemotaxis and phagocytosis. In mammals there are at least five major coronin proteins, named coronins 1 to 5 in one nomenclature. Another nomenclature divides these five proteins in coronins 1A and 1B, 2A, 2B and 2C (see the HUGO (Human Genone Organization) Gene Nomenclature Committee link for this family). The various coronin proteins have several other alternate names, since they were discovered independently by several different groups. The mammalian coronin family members are abundant components of eukaryotic cells, and each type has a restricted cell type specific expression pattern. Coronin 1A is the mammalian coronin most similar in protein sequence to the Dictyostelium protein and is found exclusively in hematopoetic lineage cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. Coronin 1a is therefore an excellent marker of cells of this lineage and can also be used to study the leading edges particularly of neutrophils. Since the only hematopoetic cells found within the central nervous system are microglia, this antibody is also an excellent marker of this important cell type. Microglia are numerically fairly minor components of the nervous system, but microglial activation is seen in response to a wide variety of damage and disease states, including ALS, Alzheimer's disease and responses to brain tumors. Since coronin 1A is a constitutive component of microglia, the coronin 1A antibody can be used to study both quiescent and activated microglia. Applications: Suitable for use in Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested. Recommended Dilution: Immunohistochemistry: 1:1000 Immunocytochemistry: 1:1000 Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher. Storage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.