Cyclin D3 (CCNE 1, CCNE, Cyclin E1, Cyclin Es, Cyclin Et, G1/S specific cyclin E, CCND3)

Activity of the cyclin-dependent kinases cdk4 and cdk6 is regulated by T-loop phosphorylation, by the abundance of their cyclin partners (the D-type cyclins), and by association with cdk inhibitors of the Cip/Kip or INK family of proteins (1). In growing cells, the inactive ternary complex of cyclin D/cdk4 and p27 Kip1 requires extracellular mitogenic stimuli for the release and degradation of p27 concomitant with a rise in cyclin D levels to effect progression through the restriction point in a pRb-dependent entry into S-phase (2). The active complex of cyclin D/cdk4 targets the retinoblastoma protein for phosphorylation, allowing the release of E2F transcription factors that activate G1Sphase gene expression (3). Levels of cyclin D protein drop upon withdrawal of growth factors through downregulation of its protein expression and through phosphorylation-dependent degradation (4). Although the Dtype cyclins are not fully redundant, cyclin D3, like D1, plays a prominent role in differentiation as well as a proliferative role, which correlates with higher expression levels of cyclin D3 in various cancers (5).\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Western Blotting, Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nWestern blotting 1:2000\nImmunohistochemistry (Paraffin): 1:200\n\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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