Cysteine, S-Nitrosylated (SNO-Cys)

Nitric oxide (NO), generated by cell type-specific NO-synthase (NOS) isoforms, is a freely diffusible intercellular messenger that functions in target cells in NOS-dependent signaling. S-nitrosylation of cysteine thiols in proteins by the highly labile NO radical has been identified as an important effector of NO-related bioactivity both in NOS-containing cells and intercellular signaling. Most cells contain low levels of nitrosylated proteins that are thought to be regulated by S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation. S-nitrosylation of proteins serves as a ubiquitous post-translational modification that dynamically regulates a broad functional spectrum of proteins. The majority of these proteins are regulated by S-nitrosylation on a single critical cysteine residue within an acidic/basic or hydrophobic structural motif that may also be subject to oxygen- or glutathione-dependent modification. NO-sensitive ion channels including the cardiac and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) complex, cyclic-nucleotide gated ion channel, are modulated by S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation of capsase-3 inhibits apoptosis signaling. S-nitrosylation activates matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and induces neuronal apoptosis. The small G-protein p21Ras and Jun kinase are regulated by S-nitrosylation. The activity of transcription factors such as NFkB, c-jun, and c-fos is modulated by S-nitrosylation. In addition, the formation of S-nitrosylated glutathione (GSNO) has been proposed to be one of the major storage forms of NO in vivo.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and ELISA. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilutions: \nImmunohistochemistry: 2-10ug/ml. Use bovine endothethial cells treated with Ca+2 ionophore A23187 as a control.\nWestern Blot: 1:500-1:2000 using nitrosylated-Cysteine

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

C9002-75

Size

100ug

Applications

ELISA, IHC, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile PBS.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified by immunoaffinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Sunico, C.R., J. Neurosci. 25: 1448-1458 (2005). 2. Gow, A.J., et al., JBC 158: 308-314 (2002). 3. Sun, J., et al., PNAS 98: 11,158-11,162 (2001). 4. Gu, Z., et al., Science 297: 1186-1190 (2002). 5. Park, H.S., et al., PNAS 97: 14,382-14,387 (2000).

Additional Info

Recognizes nitrosylated-cysteine modified proteins from all species. No significant reactivity is observed with unmodified BSA or Cysteine-BSA (not nitrosylated).