Cytochrome C is a 15kD protein in mitochondria which functions as an electron carrier in the cell respiratory chain by interacting with redox partners of complex III and complex IV. Cytochrome C is highly conserved during evolution. Recent evidence shows that Cytochrome C translocates from mitochondria to the cytosol in the cells undergoing apoptosis and participates in the central control or executioner phase of cell death cascade. Caspase-9 (Apaf-3) and Apaf-1 bind to each other in the presence of Cytochrome C and dATP, an event that leads to Caspase-9 activation. This activation, along with Cytochrome C, plays a major role in the activation of DEVD-specific caspases such as Caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. Apoptosis inhibitors, Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL, prevent the efflux of Cytochrome C from the mitochondria and Bax, a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family, can induce Cytochrome C release.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Western Blot: 1:500
Immunohistochemistry: 1:100-1:250
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Positive Control:
HeLa, COS, and L929 cell lysates
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
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