Dkk-1, Recombinant, Rat (Dickkopf 1, Dickkopf 1-like, Dickkopf Homolog 1, Dickkopf-related Protein 1, DKK 1, hDkk 1, SK)

Dickkopf related protein 1 (Dkk-1) is the founding member of the Dickkopf family of proteins that includes Dkk-1, -2, -3, -4, and a related protein, Soggy. 1, 2 Dkk proteins are secreted proteins that contain two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a linker region. Each domain contains ten cysteine residues. 1-3 Mature rat Dkk-1 is a 40 kD glycosylated protein that shows 96%, 86% and 82% aa sequence identity with mouse, human and cow Dkk-1, respectively. It also shows 41% and 34% aa identity with rat Dkk-2 and Dkk-4, respectively. Dkk-1 and Dkk-4 are well documented antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. 1, 2 This pathway is activated by Wnt engagement of a receptor complex composed of the Frizzled proteins and one of two low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins, LRP5 or LRP6. 4 Dkk-1 antagonizes Wnt by forming ternary complexes of LRP5/6 with Kremen1 or Kremen2. 4, 5 Dkk-1/LRP6/Krm2 complex internalization has been shown to downregulate Wnt signaling. 4, 5 Dkk-1 is expressed throughout development and antagonizes Wnt-7a during limb development. 6, 7 Other sites of expression include developing neurons, hair follicles and the retina of the eye. 8, 9 The balance between Wnt signaling and Dkk-1 inhibition is critical for bone formation and homeostasis. Insufficient or excess Dkk-1 activity in bone results in increased or decreased bone density, respectively. 8, 10 In adults, Dkk-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and neurons. Neuronal expression appears to be required for ischemic neuronal death. 11\n\nDescription: \nFusion protein composed of Rat Dkk-1 (Ser23-His270) (Accession Number XP_219804, NP_001099820) and 6His expressed in mouse myeloma cell line, NSO.\n\nMolecular Mass: \nMonomeric recombinant rat Dkk-1 has a calculated MW of 27.6kD. As a result of glycosylation, the protein migrates at ~38-42kD in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.\n\nActivity: \nAble to inhibit Wnt-3A's ability to induce alkaline phosphatase synthesis in the presence of BMP-2 by MC3T3E1, mouse pre-osteoblastic cells. The ND 50 is typically 0.4-1.6ug/ml in the presence of 10ng/ml of rmWnt-3A.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile PBS, 0.1% HSA or BSA. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C/-70 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20 degrees C/-70 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

Prices direct from United States Biological

Quick response times

Exclusive Biosave savings/discounts

SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

D3810-02

Size

10ug

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, 50ug of BSA per 1ug of cytokine. Reconstitute in sterile PBS, 0.1% HSA or BSA to (same/more than)10ug/ml.

Purity

(same/more than) 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE and visualized by silver stain.

References

1. Krupnik, V.E., et al., Gene 238: 301 (1999). 2. Niehrs, C., Oncogene 25: 7469 (2006). 3. Bullock, C.M., et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 65: 582 (2004). 4. Mao, B., et al., Nature 411: 321 (2001). 5. Mao, B., et al., Nature 417: 664 (2002). 6. Kemp, C., et al., Dev. Dyn. 233: 1064 (2005). 7. Adamska, M., et al., Dev. Biol. 272: 134 (2004). 8. Li, J., et al., Bone 36: 754 (2006). 9. Verani, R., et al., J. Neurochem. 101: 242 (2006). 10. Morvan, F., et al., J. Bone Miner. Res. 21: 934 (2006). 11. Cappuccio, I., et al., J. Neurosci. 25: 2647 (2005).