Enolase 1 (ENO1, 2-phospho-D-glycerate Hydrolyase, alpha Enolase, C-myc Promoter-binding Protein, ENO1L1, MBP-1, MBPB1, MPB1, Non-neural Enolase, NNE, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, PPH, Plasminogen-binding Protein)

Enolases are enzymes which catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, and also the reverse reaction in gluconeogenesis. The Enzyme Commission classification number for this class of enzyme is EC4.2.1.11, and they can also be refered to as 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolases. There are three enolase proteins each coded for by a distinct gene. They are known as enolase 1, 2 and 3 or alternately as a, b and g-enolase. Confusingly, although enolase 1 is a-enolase, enolase 2 corresponds to g-enolase while enolase 3 is also known as b-enolase. All three enzymes exist as dimers in vivo and the three molecules are very similar in primary amino acids sequence, as can be seen from a sequence alignment downloadable from here. This similarity allows not only homodimers but also most possible heterodimers to form. The expression pattern of the three enzymes differs in a tissue specific manner, so that antibodies to them are useful cell type specific markers, especially as all three molecules are very abundant. Enolase 1 or a is also known as non-neuronal enolase (NNE) and is expressed in most kinds of tissue, but is absent from neurons. Abnormal expression of NNE is associated with tumor progression in some breast and head and neck cancer (1, 2). Enolase 2 or g is also known as neuron specific enolase (NSE), and we also market antibodies directed against this protein, specifically 031410. A switch from NNE to NSE occurs in the development of neurons (3). Enolase 3 or b is expressed primarily in muscle cells. Monoclonal antibody 031356 was raised against the N-terminal 12 amino acids of bovine enolase 1 which was synthesized on a 8-amine lysine core using the multiple antigen presentation method (5). This produces a dendrimer presenting 8 peptides to the immune system. The characterization of the antibody has been published in peer reviewed form and in this publication is there referred to as Enol2-53 (4). The antibody was tested for binding to expressed bovine enolase 1, 2 and 3 and shown to be specific for only enolase 1. The HGNC name for this protein is ENO1.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Immunofluorescence and Western Blot. The NNE protein runs at about ~47kD on SDS-PAGE gels. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunofluorescence: 1:500-1:1000\nWestern Blot: 1:5000\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

031356

Size

100ul

Applications

IF, WB

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse, Rat, Bov, Xen/Amph

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, 10mM sodium azide.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG1,k

References

1. Wu W, Tang X, Hu W, Lotan R, Hong WK, Mao L. Identification and validation of metastasis-associated proteins in head and neck cancer cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Clin Exp Metastasis.9(4):319-26 (2002). Clin Exp Metastasis. 19:319-26 (2002).\n\n2. Tu SH, Chang CC, Chen CS, Tam KW, Wang, YJ, Lee CH, Lin HW, Cheng TC, Huang CS, Chu JS, Shih NY, Chen LC, Leu SJ, Ho YS, Wu CH. Increased expression of enolase alpha in human breast cancer confers tamifer resistant in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 121:539-53 (2010).\n\n3. Marangos PJ, Schmechel DE, Parma AM, Goodwin FK. Developmental profile of neuron-specific (NSE) and non-neuronal (NNE) enolase. Brain Res. 190:185-93 (1980).\n\n4. Smith WC, Bolch S, Dugger DR, Li,J, Esquenazi I, Arendt A, Benzenhafer D, McDowell JH. Interaction of arrestin with enolase 1 in photoreceptor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 52:1832-40 (2011).\n\n5. Tam JP, Zavala F.J. Multiple antigen peptide. A novel approach to increase detection sensitivity of synthetic peptides in solid-phase immunoassays. J. Immunol Methods. 124:53-61 (1989).

Additional Info

Recognizes Enolase 1 from human, bovine, mouse, rat and Xenopus.