Erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors and ephrins are membrane proteins. They are classified into 2 broad subclasses, namely A and B, according to structural homologies and binding specificities. Eph receptors are tyrosine kinases, which autophosphorylate upon binding to their cognate ephrin ligands. Eph receptors and ephrins are frequently expressed in reciprocal patterns that correlate with cellular boundaries during embryonic development. The interaction between EphB4 and its ligand, Ephrin-B2, plays an important role in cell-cell, cell- extracellular matrix interactions as well as in cell migration, adhesion and proliferation. During the early stages of vascular development, EphB4 is specifically expressed in venous endothelium, whereas Ephrin-B2 is expressed in arterial endothelium. In mouse embryo's, EphB4 and Ephrin-B2 are essential for embryonic heart development and angiogenesis. In adult microcirculation, EphB4 is not a ubiquitous marker of arterial/venous polarity, but is expressed along both venules and arterioles. Furthermore, EphB4 is upregulated by endothelial cells along blind-ended capillary sprouts versus connecting capillaries. As such, EphB4 is thought to play a role in the patterning of new vessels during angiogenesis. EphB4 is also expressed in a variety of tumor cells, like gastrointestinal, prostate, bladder, breast, liver, lung and ovarian cancers, as well as leukemia, mesothelioma, malignant breast tumors and melanoma. Reduction of EphB4 activity accelerated tumorigenesis in colon and rectum. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma, overexpression of EphB4 is inversely related to a poor prognosis. However, in mesothelioma, up-regulation of EphB4 resulted in growth of the tumor. Besides the essential expression of EphB4, coexpression of other EphB4 family members or EphB-ligands may affect tumor cell viability and proliferation as well.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, ELISA, Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Flow Cytometry: 1:50
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.
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