Exendin 4, Recombinant

Recombinant Exendin-4 is a glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist. The native hormone is produced in the gut of Gila monster Heloderma suspectrum (a type of reptile found in the desert) that stimulates insulin production without causing threateningly low blood sugar, which can occur after using insulin and some anti-diabetes products. Recently, researchers used extracted saliva from gila monsters to create an unprecedented breakthrough in Diabetes Type 2 treatment. Exedin-4 enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying in vivo. It also promotes B-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. Exedin-4 stimulates an increase in acinar cAMP, without stimulating the release of amylase.\n\nRecombinant Exendin-4 is a novel 39-amino acids peptide having a molecular mass of 4186.7 dalton, which shares 53%, sequence homology with GLP-17-36 amide and interacts with the same membrane receptor.\n\nAmino Acid Sequence:\nThe sequence was determined and was found to be: His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser.\n\nBiological Activity:\n1. Regulates Glucose levels rapidly.\n2. Reduces Insulin resistance. \n3. Reduces Glucagon.\n4. Reduces HbA1c.\n5. Stimulates beta cell growth which stimulates insulin production.\n\nStorage and Stability: \nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O to (same/more than)0.1mg/ml. Add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA) for long term storage. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

E9050-03R

Size

20ug

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder from 20mM PBS and 4% mannitol. Reconstitute in sterile ddH2O to (same/more than)0.1mg/ml. Add 0.1% HSA or BSA for long term storage. This solution can then be diluted into other aqueous solutions.

Purity

>95% by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. Chromatographically purified.

References

1. Dexamethasone induces cell death in insulin-secreting cells, an effect reversed by exendin-4. Diabetes 2006 May;55(5):1380-90. 2. Combined treatment with lisofylline and exendin-4 reverses autoimmune diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006 Jun 9;344(3):1017-22. 3. Exendin-4 treatment improves metabolic control after rat islet transplantation to athymic mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 2006 Jun;49(6):1247-53. 4. Upregulation of rat Ccnd1 gene by exendin-4 in pancreatic beta cell line INS-1: interaction of early growth response-1 with cis-regulatory element. Diabetologia 2006 May;49(5):969-79. 5. Antiobesity action of peripheral exenatide (exendin-4) in rodents: effects on food intake, body weight, metabolic status and side-effect measures. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006 Mar 14. 6. Exendin-4 induction of cyclin D1 expression in INS-1 beta-cells: involvement of cAMP-responsive element. J Endocrinol 2006 Mar;188(3):623-33.