Exosomes are one of the common extracellular vesicles (EVs) with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm. They primarily originate from the invagination of lysosomal particles into multivesicular bodies, which are released into the extracellular matrix, such as tissues and various biological fluids including serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine (in vivo), after the outer membrane of the multivesicular body fuses with the cell membrane.