GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylase GAPDH, GAPD, CDABP0047, OK/SW-cl.12)

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a metabolic enzyme responsible for catalyzing one step in the glycolytic pathway, the reversible oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Because GAPDH as a protein expressed in large amounts and which is required at all times for an important "house keeping" functions, levels of GAPDH mRNA are often measured and used as standards in studies of mRNA expression. Increasingly, scientists are making use of specific antibodies to GAPDH in comparable studies of levels of protein expression. This antibody can be used as a loading control for western blotting experiments, allowing comparison between the level of this protein and others in a cell or tissue. Apart from a role in glycolysis, GAPDH may have other roles such as in the activation of transcription (1). GAPDH is reported to bind to a variety of other proteins, including the amyloid precursor protein, mutations in which cause some forms of Alzheimer's disease, and the polyglutamine tracts of Huntingtin, the protein product aberrant forms of which are causative of Huntington's disease (2,3). Associations with actin and tubulin have also been reported. The protein may also have a role in the regulation of apoptosis, and interestingly migrates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus when cells become apoptotic (4). The HGNC name for this protein is GAPDH.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Immunocytochemistry, Immunofluorescence and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunocytochemistry (ABC): 1:5000\nImmunofluorescence: 1:500-1:1000\nWestern Blot: 1:20,000\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

031366

Size

100ul

Applications

ICC, IF, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse, Rat, Bov, Prc

Form

Supplied as a liquid.

P Type

Pab

References

1. Morgenegg G, Winkler GC, Hubscher U, Heizmann CW, Mous J, Kuenzle CC. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a nonhistone protein and a possible activator of transcription in neurons. J Neurochem. 47:54-62 1986\n\n2. Schulze H, Schuler A, Stuber D, Dobeli H, Langern H & Huber G. Rat brain glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase interacts with the recombinant cytoplasmic domain of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein. J Neurochem. 60:1915-22 1993\n\n3. Burke JR, Enghild JJ, Martin ME, Jou Y-S, Myers RM, Roses AD, Vance JM & Strittmatter WJ. Huntingtin and DRPLA proteins selectively interact with the enzyme GAPDH. Nature Med. 2: 347-350, 1996. \n\n4. Dastoor Z. & Dreyer, J-L. Potential role of nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in apoptosis and oxidative stress. J. Cell Sci. 114:1643-1653 2001.

Additional Info

Recognizes GAPDH from human, bovine, porcine, mouse, rat and other mammals, and also recognizes avian GAPDH. Since GAPDH is one of the most conserved proteins known, it is likely that the antibody is effective on other species also.