Gas6, Mouse, BioAssay(TM) ELISA Kit (Growth Arrest-specific Protein 6, GAS-6, AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ligand)

Gas6 is a multimodular protein that is upregulated by a wide variety of cell types in response to growth arrest. It is expressed by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, smooth muscle cells, and platelets and plays a role in vascular, thrombotic, atherosclerotic, inflammatory, autoimmune, renal, and cancer pathologies. Secreted Gas6 is a 75kD, 647aa molecule. Both Gas6 and the related Protein S contain an extensively g-carboxylated N-terminal Gla domain, four EGF-like repeats, and two C-terminal laminin G-like domains that bear resemblance to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In parallel with the structurally-related Protein S, Gas6 is dependent upon vitamin K for activity. Within the EGF-like and SHBG-like domains, mouse Gas6 shares 83%, 94% and 40% aa sequence identity with the equivalent regions in human Gas6, rat Gas6, and mouse Protein S, respectively. Gas6 binds to and induces signaling through the receptor tyrosine kinase TAM subfamily, which includes Axl, Dtk/Tyro3, and Mer. Shed (soluble) forms of Axl and Mer are known to bind Gas6 and function as decoy receptors. Gas6 has a number of divergent functions in tissue that are related to its ability to bind to multiple receptors. Through its Gla and laminin G domains, it participates in tissue homeostasis by 1) protecting cells from stress-induced apoptosis, an effect mediated by binding to Axl, and 2) promoting apoptotic cell phagocytosis by binding to Mer. In addition, it appears to have neuroprotective properties, an effect possibly mediated through Gas6 binding to either Tyro3 or Axl. Notably, the affinity of the g-carboxylated Gla domain for phosphatidylserine also likely contributes to its unusual role in phagocytosis as well as the cellular entry of select viruses. Gas6 may also function as a pro-inflammatory molecule by promoting platelet activation, the development of nephrotoxic nephritis, and atherosclerotic plaque instability. Conversely, it can also inhibit inflammatory cytokine production from monocytes/ macrophages and microglia. Gas6 is known to induce the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, Schwann cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and NK cell precursors. It also inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell chemotaxis and can have either positive or negative effects on the proliferation and invasiveness of tumor cells. Circulating levels of Gas6 are elevated in a variety of conditions including venous thromboembolic disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic inflammatory responses. It is also present in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).\n\nSample Type:\nCell culture supernates, cell lysates, mouse serum, and plasma.\n\nIntended Use:\nFor the quantitative determination of mouse Growth Arrest Specific 6 (Gas6) concentrations in cell culture supernates, cell lysates, mouse serum, and plasma.\n\nSensitivity:\nForty-six assays were evaluated and the minimum detectable dose (MDD) of mouse Gas6 ranged from 0.004-0.027ng/ml. The mean MDD was 0.014ng/ml. The MDD was determined by adding two standard deviations to the mean optical density value of twenty zero standard replicates and calculating the corresponding concentration.\n\nSpecificity:\nRecognizes recombinant and natural mouse Gas6.\n\nTest Principle:\nThis assay employs the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. A monoclonal antibody specific for mouse Gas6 has been pre-coated onto a microplate. Standards, Control, and samples are pipetted into the wells and any mouse Gas6 present is bound by the immobilized antibody. After washing away any unbound substances, an enzyme-linked polyclonal antibody specific for mouse Gas6 is added to the wells. Following a wash to remove any unbound antibody-enzyme reagent, a substrate solution is added to the wells. The enzyme reaction yields a blue product that turns yellow when the Stop Solution is added. The intensity of the color measured is in proportion to the amount of mouse Gas6 bound in the initial step. The sample values are then read off the standard curve.\n\nKit Components:\nMouse Gas6 Microplate: 12 strips x 8 wells\nMouse Gas6 Standard: 2x20ng\nMouse Gas6 Control (lyophilized): 2 vials\nMouse Gas6 Conjugate: 12ml\nAssay Diluent RD1-43: 1x11ml\nCalibrator Diluent RD5-26 Concentrate: 1x21ml\nWash Buffer Concentrate: 1x50ml\nColor Reagent A: 1x12ml\nColor Reagent B: 1x12ml\nStop Solution: 1x23ml\nPlate Sealers: 4 adhesive strips\n\nStorage and Stability:\nSee Kit Protocol for detailed storage instructions.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

G2016-06

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1Kit

References

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