GLAST (Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1, Sodium-dependent Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter 1, GLAST-1, Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 3, SLC1A3, EAAT1, GLAST1)

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. During neurotransmission, glutamate is released from vesicles of the pre-synaptic cell, and glutamate receptors (e.g. NMDA Receptor, AMPA Receptor) bind glutamate for activation at the opposing post-synaptic cell. Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) regulate and maintain extracellular glutamate concentrations below excitotoxic levels. In addition, glutamate transporters may limit the duration of synaptic excitation by an electrogenic process in which the transmitter is cotransported with three sodium ions and one proton, followed by countertransport of a potassium ion. Five EAATs (EAAT1-5) are characterized: EAAT2 (GLT-1) is primarily expressed in astrocytes but is also expressed in neurons of the retina and during fetal development. Homozygous EAAT2 knockout mice have spontaneous, lethal seizures and an increased predisposition to acute cortical injury. PKC phosphorylates Ser113 of EAAT2 and coincides with glutamate transport. EAAT2 accounts for up to 90% of the total glutamate transport in brain while EAAT1 contributes the remaining 5-10%. The contribution of EAAT1 in neurotransmission is unclear since EAAT2 is much more abundant. However, EAAT1 expression is upregulated by increasing concentrations of glutamate in the media of cultured primary astrocytes, potentially giving this glutamate transporter additional importance. EAAT1 has neuroprotective potential following ischemia since reactive astrocytes and activated microglia express EAAT1 but not EAAT2.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nAA Sequence:\nVRVTAADAFLDLIRNMFPPNLVEACFKQFKTNYEKRSFKVPIQANETLVGAVINNVSEAMETLTRITEELVPVPGS*\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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