Glucose Regulated Protein 94 (Grp94, gp96)

Glucose-regulated protein 94, also known as Grp94 or gp96, is an abundant resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal stress protein which together with cytosolic Hsp90 belongs to the Hsp90 family of molecular chaperones. Grp94 and other resident soluble proteins of the ER such as members of the Ca(2+) binding protein subfamily (CaBP), CaBPI and CaBP2 as well as calreticulin, possesses the COOH-terminal tetrapeptide Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) which is a sorting signal that is thought to lead to the retention of these proteins in the pre-Golgi compartments (1). Grp94 expression is upregulated by stress conditions such as glucose starvation and heat shock, which promote protein misfolding or unfolding (2). In addition to a homeostatic role in protein folding and assembly, Grp94 can function in the intracellular trafficking of peptides from the extracellular space to the MHC class I antigen processing pathway of antigen presentation cells (3,4). Grp94 and Hsp90 share high sequence identity and presumably identical adenosine nucleotide-dependent modes of regulation. But earlier data suggests that Hsp90 and Grp94 may differ in their nucleotide binding properties. The N-terminal domain of eukaryotic Hsp90 proteins contains a conserved adenosine nucleotide binding pocket which also serves as the binding site for the Hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. However, the molecular basis for adenosine nucleotide-dependent regulation of Grp94 remains to be established. Recent data has identified a ligand dependent regulation of Grp94 function and suggest a model whereby Grp94 function is regulated through a ligand-dependent conversion of Grp94 from an inactive to an active conformation (5, 6).\n \nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Western Blot, Immunoprecipitation, Immunnohistochemistry and Immunoelectron Microscopy. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nWestern Blot (7,16-19): 0.5ug/ml \nImmunohistochemistry: (9,11): 1:30\nImmunoelectron Microscopy (10): 1:20 \nOptimal dilutions to be determined by researcher.\nNote:\nRat immunoglobulins do not react well with Protein A. For immunoprecipitations, we recommend using Protein G. \n\nPositive Controls:\nHeLa Cell Lysate\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage, store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

G3057-40

Size

50ug

Applications

IHC, IP, WB

Hosts

Rat

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse, Rat, Bov, Can, Ch/Bird, GP, NHP, Prc, Rabbit, Sheep, Xen/Amph

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, pH 7.2, 50% glycerol.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG2a

References

1. Peter, F., Nguyen, Van P. and Soling, H.D. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267: 10631-10637. \n2. Little, E., Ramakrishnan, M., Roy, B., Gazit, G. and Lee, A.S. (1994) Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. \nGene. Expr. 4: 1-18. \n3. Nicchitta, C.V. (1998) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10: 103-109. \n4. Srivastava, P.K., Menoret, A., Basu, S., Binder, R.J. and McQuade, K.L. (1998) Immunity \n8: 657-665. \n5. Wassenberg, J.J., Reed, R.C. and Nicchitta, C.V. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. Manuscript \nM001476200. \n6. Rosser, M F.N. and Nicchitta, C.V. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. Manuscript M001477200. \n7. Kuznetsov, G., Chen, L.B., Nigam, S.K. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 269: 22990-22995. \n8. Nauseef, W.M., McCormick, S. J. and Clark, R.A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270: 4741-4747. \n9. Heike, M., et. al., (2000) Int. J. Cancer 86: 489-493. \n10. Bruneau, N., et al. (1998) J. Cell Sci. 111: 2665-2679. \n11. Yun, S.-W., Gartner, U., Arendt, T., Hoyer, S. (2000) Brain Research Bulletin 52(5): 371-\n378. \n12. Choukhi, A., et al (1998) J. Virol. 72:3851-3858. \n13. Hoshino, T., et al (1998) Blood 91(11):4379-4386. \n14. Riera, M., Roher, N., Miro, F., Gil, C., Trujillo, R., Aguilera, J., Plana, M., Itarte, E. \n(1999) Mol. Cell Biochem. 191: 97-104. \n15. Gusarova, V., Caplan, A.J., Brodsky, J.L., Fisher, E.A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276(27): \n24891-24900. \n16. Wolfers, J. et al (2001) Nat. Med. 7(3): 297-303. \n17. Allen, S. et al (2000) Blood 96(2): 560-568. \n18. Sato, K et al (2001) Blood 98(6): 1852-1857. \n19. Yun, S.-W., Gartner, U., Arendt, T., Hoyer, S. (2000) Brain Research Bulletin.52(5): 371-\n378.

Additional Info

Detects a ~98kD protein, corresponding to the apparent molecular mass of Grp94 on SDS-PAGE immunoblots. Species crossreactivity: human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, hamster, guinea pig, canine, bovine, sheep, porcine, chicken andXenopus