Glutathione Reductase (GR, GSR)

Glutathione reductase, also known as GSR, is a human gene.[1]vThe protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme (EC 1.8.1.7) which reduces glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form GSH, which is an important cellular antioxidant.[2][3]vFor every mole of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) one mole of NADPH is required to reduce GSSG to GSH. NADPH reduces FAD present in GSR to produce a transient FADH- anion. This anion then quickly breaks a disulfide bond (Cys58-Cys63) and leads to Cys63 nucleophilically attacking the nearest sulfide unit in the GSSG molecule (promoted by His467) which creates a mixed disulfide bond (GS-Cys58) and a GS- anion. His467 of GSR then protonates the GS- anion to form the first GSH. Next, Cys63 nucleophilically attacks the sulfide of Cys58 releasing a GS- anion which in turn picks up a solvent proton and is released from the enzyme, thereby creating the second GSH. So, for every GSSG and NADPH you gain two reduced GSH molecules that can again act as antioxidants scavenging reactive oxygen species in the cell. In cells exposed to high levels of oxidative stress, like red blood cells, up to 10% of the glucose consumption may be directed to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) for production of the NADPH needed for this reaction. In the case of erythrocytes, if the PPP is non-functional then the oxidative stress in the cell will lead to cell lysis and anemia. [4]\n\nHigh specific activity lyophilized grade of the enzyme Glutathione Reductase (GR). This is the first commercial version of the enzyme as a readily soluble freeze dried powder free of ammonium ions. Glutathione Reductase is part of test kits measuring human tissue for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and kits for glutathione peroxidase. Both are important indicators of cardiovascular health. Lyophilized GR will simplify its use in formulations. This GR is the only high activity soybean peroxidase currently available.\n\nSpecificity: \nOxidized glutathione\n\nActivity: 1 IU = 1umole/min decrease @340nm (NADPH), 30 degrees C\n\nSpecific Activity: ~130 IU/mg Protein\n\nApplications: Suitable for use in Coupled Assays. Other applications not tested. \n\nStorage and Stability:\nLong-term storage is recommended at 4 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial prior to removing the cap. Hygroscopic and light sensitive.

Prices direct from United States Biological

Quick response times

Exclusive Biosave savings/discounts

SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

G8127-18

Size

1000U

Form

Supplied as a lyophillized powder.

Purity

Purified by electrophoresis.

References

1. \"Entrez Gene: GSR glutathione reductase\". 2. Meister A (1988). \"Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification\". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (33): 17205

Alternative Names

EC=1.8.1.7