HNE (4-Hydroxynonenal)

The peroxidation of membrane lipids by free radicals is a well-controlled, ongoing process that occurs with normal cell turnover and the normal aging process. There is also the uncontrolled process of free radical production and increased lipid peroxidation that is associated with hepatic injury as a consequence of exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons, excessive alcohol abuse, and acute or chronic iron overload. Excess free radical production and lipid peroxidation is thought to be an etiological factor in such diseases as atherosclerosis, diabetes, genetic hemochromatosis, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.\n\n4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a highly reactive, cytotoxic aldehyde that is released during the oxidation of o-6-unsaturated fatty acids. HNE can efficiently react with sulfhydryl groups or histidine and lysine groups of proteins to form stable HNE-protein adducts, in addition to phospholipids and nucleic acids. It is through this HNE-modification of biomolecules that HNE is thought to exert its cytotoxic effects. This multifunctional molecule may be considered as a "second toxic messenger," which disseminates and augments initial free radical events. It is believed to be largely responsible for the cytopathological effects observed during oxidative stress. High levels of 4-HNE have been detected in a large number of disease states, indicating some involvement of this aldehyde in their pathogenesis. Some of the prominent pathobiochemical effects of 4-HNE are its stimulation of fibrogenesis and inflammation, thus indicating a potential contribution to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, the progression of which is supported by inflammatory reactions and characterized by fibrosis. 4-HNE may also play a role in carcinogenesis due to its ability to modulate cell proliferation through interference with the activity of cyclins and protein kinases and with the apoptotic response.\n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nWestern Blot: 1:1000\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

136910

Size

100ul

Applications

WB

Hosts

Goat

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid, 0.09% sodium azide.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Serum

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Sharma, R., Sharma, A., Dwivedi, S., Zimniak, P., Awasthi, S., and Awasthi YC. 4- Hydroxynonenal self-limits fas-mediated DISC-independent apoptosis by promoting export of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytosol and its binding to Fas. Biochemistry. 2008 Jan 8;47(1):143-56.

Additional Info

Recognizes human HNE.