Arachidonic acid undergoes oxidation through several enzymatic pathways, including prostaglandin H2 synthase, 5-lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes-dependent epoxygenase reactions. These pathways utilize arachidonic acid as a substrate, leading to the production of various bioactive lipid mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids.