Protein molecules are ampholytes. When the pH of the solution is adjusted so that the positive and negative charges on the protein molecules are equal, the protein molecules do not move towards either the positive or negative electrodes in an electric field. At this point, the pH of the solution is the isoelectric point (pI) of the protein. The isoelectric point of a protein is closely related to its amino acid sequence and tertiary structure, and the isoelectric point of a particular protein is fixed.
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