The kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) are microtubule-dependent molecular motors that transport membranous organelles and protein complexes in a microtubule- and ATP-dependent manner. Cells use KIFs to tightly control the direction, destination and speed of transportation of a variety of important functional molecules, including mRNA. KIF4A functions as an essential chromosome-associated molecular motor involved in faithful chromosome segregation. It is found in the nucleoplasm during interphase and on condensed chromosome arms during mitosis. KIF4A accumulates in the mid-zone duing late anaphase and on the cytokinetic ring during cytokinesis. KIF4 binds to and translocates PRC1, a spindle mid-zone-associated cyclin-dependent kinase that plays a role in cytokinesis. KIF4A may also interact with the condensin I and II complexes. Loss of KIF4A leads to chromosome hypercondensation, suggesting that it is necessary for retaining normal chromosome architecture.