Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDHC or cMDH) is an important NAD-dependent enzyme involved in glycometabolism that catalyzes the formation of oxaloacetate and NADH from L-malate and NAD. MDHC is highly expressed in brain, heart and skeletal muscle and plays a role in aerobic energy production for muscle contraction, transmission of neuronal signals, absorption/ resorption pathways, collagen-supporting functions, dead cell phagocytosis, as well as pathways involved in gas exchange and cell division. Furthermore, MDHC is a regulatory subunit of the nucleic acid-conducting channel (NACh). MDHC functions as a homodimer and is highly conserved in plants, animals and bacteria. The activity of MDHC is controlled by the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) and the steroid hormone ecdysone.