Mouse Anti-Feline CSF2 monoclonal antibody for ELISA(Det). GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils. GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity. It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines. The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha-helices. Mature feline GM-CSF shares 52%-56% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat GM-CSF and 67%-72% canine, human, and porcine GM-CSF. GM-CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta bchain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5. In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha. Feline and human GM-CSF show cross-species activity.