Bone Marrow is obtained from adult Myelodysplastic Syndrome patients. Bone Marrow-Mononuclear Cells are isolated by diluting the bone marrow with phosphate-buffered saline and using gradient separation techniques. After centrifugation,the Mononuclear Cells layer is collected. Mononuclear Cells can be processed further to isolate cell subpopulations. Myelodysplastic Syndrome-Mononuclear Cells are available in the newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory stages.