| Scientific background: |
CD163(Cluster of Differentiation 163) also known as HEMOGLOBIN SCAVENGER RECEPTOR, is a human protein encoded by the CD163 gene. The receptor belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine rich family type B and consists of an 1048 amino acid residues extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic tail with several splice variants. CD163 is a scavenger receptorfor the hemoglobin-haptoglobincomplex. Using FISH, somatic cell hybrid analysis, and radiation hybrid analysis, Stover et al. (2000) mapped the CD163 gene to chromosome 12p13.3. Specific CD163-mediated endocytosis of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes was measurable in cells transfected with CD163 cDNA and in CD163-expressing myelomonocytic lymphoma cells.CD163 expression in monocytes promoted bacteria-induced proinflammatory cytokine production that could be blocked by anti-CD163 antibodies. Cells expressing human CD163 and recombinant protein containing the extracellular domain of CD163 supported adhesion of erythroblastic cells. |
| References: |
1. Fabriek, B. O., van Bruggen, R., Deng, D. M., Ligtenberg, A. J. M., Nazmi, K., Schornagel, K., Vloet, R. P. M., Dijkstra, C. D., van den Berg, T. K. The macrophage scavenger receptor CD163 functions as an innate immune sensor for bacteria. Blood 113: 887-892, 2009.
2. Ritter, M., Buechler, C., Langmann, T., Schmitz, G.Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of the human CD163 (M130) gene: a member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich superfamily. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 260: 466-474, 1999.
3. Stover, C. M., Schleypen, J., Gronlund, J., Speicher, M. R., Schwaeble, W. J., Holmskov, U. Assignment of CD163B, the gene encoding M160, a novel scavenger receptor, to human chromosome 12p13.3 by in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrid analysis. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90: 246-247, 2000.
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