Scientific background: |
LALBA(lactalbumin, alpha or alpha-lactalbumin) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LALBA gene. The LALBA gene is mapped on 12q13.11. alpha-Lactalbumin is an important whey protein in cow's milk (~1 g/l), and is also present in the milk of many other mammalian species. In primates, alpha-lactalbumin expression is upregulated in response to the hormone prolactin and increases the production of lactose. alpha-Lactalbumin forms the regulatory subunit of the lactose synthase (LS) heterodimer and beta-1, 4-galactosyltransferase (beta4Gal-T1) forms the catalytic component. Together, these proteins enable LS to produce lactose by transferring galactose moieties to glucose. As a multimer, alpha-lactalbumin strongly binds calcium and zinc ions and may possess bactericidal or antitumor activity. A folding variant of human alpha-lactalbumin that may form in acidic environments such as the stomach, called HAMLET, probably induces apoptosis in tumor and immature cells. |
References: |
1.Bounous, G., Kongshavn, P. A. L., Taveroff, A., Gold, P. Evolutionary traits in human milk proteins. Med. Hypotheses 27: 133-140, 1988.
2.Davies, M. S., West, L. F., Davis, M. B., Povey, S., Craig, R. K. The gene for human alpha-lactalbumin is assigned to chromosome 12q13. Ann. Hum. Genet. 51: 183-188, 1987.
3.Hakansson, A., Zhivotovsky, B., Orrenius, S., Sabharwal, H., Svanborg, C. Apoptosis induced by a human milk protein. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 92: 8064-8068, 1995.
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