Protein-based macromolecular drugs, typically organic compounds with molecular weights exceeding 1000, depend on cellular biosynthesis and are also known as biologics. Compared to traditional small molecule drugs, protein drugs are characterized by their high potency, strong specificity, low toxicity, clear biological function, and conducive to clinical application. Protein drugs are the fastest-growing class of drug molecules with more than 250 protein drugs clinically used in a variety of indications.