Rat Anti-Bovine IFNG monoclonal antibody for ELISA(Cap). Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), also known as type II or immune interferon, exerts a wide range of immunoregulatory activities and is considered to be the prototype proinflammatory cytokine. Mature bovine IFN-gamma exists as a noncovalently linked homodimer of 20-25 kDa variably glycosylated subunits. It shares 78%-80% amino acid (aa) sequence identity with canine, feline, equine, and porcine IFN-gamma and 42%-59% with cotton rat, human, mouse, rat, and rhesus IFN-gamma. IFN-gamma dimers bind to IFN-gamma RI (alpha subunits) which then interact with IFN-gamma RII (beta subunits) to form the functional receptor complex of two alpha and two beta subunits. Inclusion of IFN-gamma RII increases the binding affinity for ligand and the efficiency of signal transduction. IFN-gamma is produced by a variety of immune cells under inflammatory conditions, notably by T cells and NK cells. It plays a key role in host defense by promoting the development and activation of Th1 cells, chemoattraction and activation of monocytes and macrophages, up-regulation of antigen presentation molecules, and immunoglobulin class switching in B cells. It also exhibits antiviral, antiproliferative, and apoptotic effects. In addition, IFN-gamma functions as an anti-inflammatory mediator by promoting the development of regulatory T cells and inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. The pleiotropic effects of IFN-gamma contribute to the development of multiple aspects of atherosclerosis.
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