CXCL11 is a CXC chemokine lacking the ELR (Glutamate-Leucine-Arginine) tripeptide motif, which is functionally and structurally related to CXCL9 and CXCL10. CXCL11, together with CXCL9 and CXCL10, specifically binds to the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3 and is involved in chemotaxis of immune cells and angiogenesis. Expression of both CXCR3 and CXCL11 by the Th1-associated cytokine IFNgamma creates an amplification loop of cell-mediated immune response between Th1 cells. CXCR7 has been identified as an alternate receptor for CXCL11 and is involved in growth, survival, and adhesion of tumor cells.