Ribosomal Protein S6 Phosphorylation Detection Kit, BioAssay(TM) (SAPK/JNK)

Stat1, while activated in response to a large number of ligands, appears to be essential for responsiveness to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma (1-3). Phosphorylation of Stat1 at tyrosine 701 induces Stat1 dimerization, nuclear translocation and DNA binding (4). Stat1 has been found to be inappropriately activated in many tumors (5). The stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-terminal kinase SAPK/JNK is potently and preferentially activated by a variety of environmental stresses, including UV and gamma radiation, ceramides, inflammatory cytokines and, in some instances, by growth factors and GPCR agonists (6,7). SAPK/JNK, when active as a dimer, can translocate to the nucleus where it regulates transcription through its effects on c-Jun, ATF-2 and other transcription factors (8).\n\nTo effectively promote growth and cell division in a sustained manner, growth factors and mitogens must upregulate translation (9,10). Growth factors and mitogens induce the activation of p70 S6 kinase, which in turn phosphorylate the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 correlates with an increase in translation, particularly of mRNAs with an oligopyrimidine tract in their 5' untranslated regions (10). This group of mRNAs (5'TOP) encodes proteins involved in cell cycle progression and proteins that are part of the translational machinery, such as ribosomal proteins and elongation factors (10,11). Heat shock protein (HSP) 27 is one of the small HSPs that are regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels (12). In response to stress, the expression level of HSP27 increases several-fold in order to confer cellular resistance to the adverse environmental change. HSP27 is also phosphorylated at serines 15, 78 and 82 by MAPKAP kinase 2 as the result of the activation of the p38 MAP kinase pathway (13,14).\n\nApplications: Suitable for use in Western Blotting. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution: Western blotting 1:200\n\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability: May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and add glycerol (40-50%). Freeze at-20 degrees C or colder. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at-20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

R2031-38

Size

1Kit

Applications

WB

Purity

Purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

References

(1) Heim, M.H. (1999) J. Recept. Signal. Transduct. Res. 19, 75

Additional Info

Each phospho-antibody in this kit recognizes only the phosphorylated form of its specific target. The Pin1 antibody detects total levels of target protein to control for protein loading. All the antibodies in this kit detect endogenous levels of target proteins.