S100 Protein (Calcium Binding Protein)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins which is a multigenic family of non-ubiquitous Ca(+)-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type expressed in vertebrates exclusively with molecular masses ranging from 10 to 12kD. Within cells, most of S100 members exist in the form of antiparallelly packed homodimers, capable of functionally crossbridging two homologous or heterologous target proteins in a Ca(+)-dependent manner. It constitutes a subgroup of Ca(+)-binding proteins of the EF-hand type comprising three dimeric isoforms, S100a0, S100a and S100b. This protein function in neurite extension, proliferation of melanoma cells, stimulation of Ca2+ fluxes, inhibition of PKC-mediated phosphorylation, astrocytosis and axonal proliferation, and inhibition of microtubule assembly. Overexpression of S100B in the brain of individuals with Down's syndrome and in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease and AIDS has led to the hypothesis that S100B plays a role in common neuro-pathologies associated with these diseases and other diseases like Down's syndrome, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, melanoma, and type I diabetes. It is considered an astrocytic in-situ marker and protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid or serum are often used as biomarker for astrocytic damage or dysfunction.\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry and Immunocytochemistry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nWestern Blot: 1-2ug/ml\nImmunohistochemistry(Paraffin): 1:200-1:400\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for 12 months. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap.

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