Mass cytometry (CyTOF) uses specific metal isotope-labeled antibodies to mark signal molecules on and inside the cell surfaces. Cells, in the form of single-cell droplets, are atomized and then enter a high-temperature plasma to produce free atoms. A quadrupole allows only ions within a specific mass range to pass for further detection. The relative signal strengths of lanthanide metal ions are detected using time of flight-mass spectrometry (TOF-MS). Finally, data is converted into standard flow cytometry