GAD-65 and GAD-67, glutamate decarboxylases function to catalyze the production of GABA ((gamma)-aminobutyric acid). In the central nervous system GABA functions as the main inhibitory transmitter by increasing a Cl-conductance that inhibits neuronal firing. GABA has been shown to activate both ionotropic (GABAA) and metabotropic (GABAB) receptors as well as a third class of receptors called GABAC. Both GABAA and GABAC are ligand-gated ion channels, however, they are structurally and functionally distinct. Members of the GABAA receptor family include GABAA R(alpha)1-6, GABAA R (beta)1-3, GABAA R(gamma)1-3, GABAA R(delta), GABAA RE, GABAA R?1 and GABAA R?2. The GABAB family is composed of GABAB R1(alpha) and GABAB R1(beta). GABA transporters have also been identified and include GABA T-1, GABA T-2 and GABA T-3 (also designated GAT-1, -2, and -3). The GABA transporters function to terminate GABA action.