sPLA2-IIE

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospho-lipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The same reaction also produces lysophosholipids, which represent another class of lipid mediators. The secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) family, in which 10 isozymes have been identified, consists of low-molecular weight, Ca2+-requiring secretory enzymes that have been implicated in a number of biological processes, such as modification of eicosanoid generation, inflammation, and host defense. This enzyme has been proposed to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC) in lipoproteins to liberate lyso-PC and free fatty acids in the arterial wall, thereby facilitating the accumulation of bioactive lipids and modified lipoproteins in atherosclerotic fo-ci. In mice, sPLA2 expression significantly influences HDL particle size and composition and demonstrate that an induction of sPLA2 is required for the decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol in response to inflammatory stimuli. Instillation of bacteria into the bronchi was associated with surfactant degradation and a decrease in large:small ratio of surfactant aggregates in rats. \n\nApplications:\nSuitable for use in ELISA and Western Blot. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stabillty:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

P4074-06E7

Size

100ug

Applications

ELISA, WB

Hosts

Rabbit

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in PBS, pH 7.2. No preservative added. Reconstitute with 100ul sterile dH2O. Let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified by Immunoaffinity chromatography.

Isotype

igG

References

1. Koduri RS, Gronroos JO, Laine VJ, Le Calvez C, Lambeau G, Nevalainen TJ, Gelb MH. Bactericidal \nproperties of human and murine groups I, II, V, X, and XII secreted phospholipases A(2). J Biol \nChem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):5849-57. \n2. Murakami M, Masuda S, Shimbara S, Bezzine S, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Matsukura S, \nKokubu F, Adachi M, Kudo I. Cellular arachidonate-releasing function of novel classes of \nsecretory phospholipase A2s (groups III and XII). J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar; 278(12): 10657-67. \n3. Ishizaki J, Suzuki N, Higashino K, Yokota Y, Ono T, Kawamoto K, Fujii N, Arita H, Hanasaki K. \nCloning and characterization of novel mouse and human secretory phospholipase A(2)s. J Biol \nChem. 1999 Aug; 274(35):24973-9. \n4. Ito M, Ishikawa Y, Kiguchi H, Komiyama K, Murakami M, Kudo I, Akasaka Y, Ishii T. Distribution of \ntype V secretory phospholipase A2 expression in human hepatocytes damaged by liver disease. \nJ Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Oct;19(10):1140-9. \n5. Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hayasaki-Kajiwara Y, Nakazato H, Sakaeda T, Hata S, Kuroda T, \nTakasu N, Hori Y. Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via \napoptosis. J Neurochem. 2002 May; 81(3): 449-61. \n6. Wooton-Kee CR, Boyanovsky BB, Nasser MS, de Villiers WJ, Webb NR. Group V sPLA2 \nhydrolysis of low-density lipoprotein results in spontaneous particle aggregation and promotes \nmacrophage foam cell formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Apr;24(4):762-7. \n7. Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hata S, Kuroda T, Sakaeda T, Takasu N, Tanaka K, Gemba T, Hori \nY. Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. Mol \nPharmacol. 2002 Jan; 61(1): 114-26. \n8. Lindbom J, Ljungman AG, Lindahl M, Tagesson C. Increased gene expression of novel cytosolic \nand secretory phospholipase A(2) types in human airway epithelial cells induced by tumor \nnecrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma. \nPage 2 of 4 (VERSION: 2009-10-24)\nJ Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Sep; 22(9): 947-55. . \n9. Attalah HL, Wu Y, Alaoui-El-Azher M, Thouron F, Koumanov K, Wolf C, Brochard L, Harf A, Delclaux \nC, Touqui L. Induction of type-IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in animal models of acute lung \ninjury. Eur Respir J. 2003 Jun; 21(6): 1040-5. \n10. Balboa MA, Shirai Y, Gaietta G, Ellisman MH, Balsinde J, Dennis EA. Localization of group V \nphospholipase A2 in caveolin-enriched granules in activated P388D1 macrophage-like cells. J \nBiol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):48059-65. \n11. Touqui L, Alaoui-El-Azher M. Mammalian secreted phospholipases A2 and their \npathophysiological significance in inflammatory diseases. Curr Mol Med. 2001 Dec; 1(6): 739-54. \nReview. \n12. Murakami M, Kudo I. New phospholipase A(2) isozymes with a potential role in atherosclerosis. \nCurr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Oct; 14(5): 431-6. \n13. Valentin E, Ghomashchi F, Gelb MH, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G. On the diversity of secreted \nphospholipases A(2). Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse \ngroup II enzymes. **Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II \nenzymes.J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct; 274(44): 31195-202. Erratum in: J Biol Chem 2000 Jan 275(3): 2246. \n14. Hanasaki K, Arita H. Phospholipase A2 receptor: a regulator of biological functions of \nsecretory phospholipase A2. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002 Aug; 68-69: 71-82. Review. \n15. Silliman CC, Moore EE, Zallen G, Gonzalez R, Johnson JL, Elzi DJ, Meng X, Hanasaki K, Ishizaki J, \nArita H, Ao L, England KM, Banerjee A. Presence of the M-type sPLA(2) receptor on neutrophils \nand its role in elastase release and adhesion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Oct; 283(4): C1102- \n13. \n16. Sawada H, Murakami M, Enomoto A, Shimbara S, Kudo I. Regulation of type V phospholipase A2 \nexpression and function by proinflammatory stimuli. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Aug;263(3):826-35. \n17. Satake Y, Diaz BL, Balestrieri B, Lam BK, Kanaoka Y, Grusby MJ, Arm JP. Role of group V \nphospholipase A2 in zymosan-induced eicosanoid generation and vascular permeability \nrevealed by targeted gene disruption. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 16;279(16):16488-94. \n18. Kuwata H, Sawada H, Murakami M, Kudo I. Role of type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in \narachidonic acid metabolism. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999; 469: 183-8. \n19. Beck GCh, Yard BA, Schulte J, Haak M, van Ackern K, van der Woude FJ, Kaszkin M. Secreted \nphospholipases A2 induce the expression of chemokines in microvascular endothelium. \nBiochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 17; 300(3): 731-7. \n20. Juhl K, Efanov AM, Olsen HL, Gromada J. Secretory phospholipase A2 is released from \npancreatic beta-cells and stimulates insulin secretion via inhibition of ATP-dependent K+ \nchannels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 17; 310(2): 274-9. \n

Additional Info

Recognizes human sPLA2-IIE.