TGF-b1, Recombinant, Human (Transforming Growth Factor beta 1, TGFB1)

TGFпїЅb1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGFпїЅb superfamily that share a characteristic cystine knot structure (1пїЅ7). TGFпїЅb1, пїЅ2 and пїЅ3 are highly pleiotropic cytokines that are proposed to act as cellular switches that regulate processes such as immune function, proliferation and epithelialпїЅmesenchymal transition (1пїЅ4). Each TGFпїЅb isoform has some nonпїЅredundant functions; for TGFпїЅb1, mice with targeted deletion show defects in hematopoiesis and endothelial differentiation, and die of overwhelming inflammation (2). Human TGFпїЅb1 cDNA encodes a 390 aa precursor that contains a 29 aa signal peptide and a 361 aa proprotein (8). A furinпїЅlike convertase processes the proprotein to generate an NпїЅterminal 249 aa latencyпїЅassociated peptide (LAP) and a CпїЅterminal 112 aa mature TGFпїЅb1 (8, 9). DisulfideпїЅlinked homodimers of LAP and TGFпїЅb1 remain nonпїЅcovalently associated after secretion, forming the small latent TGFпїЅb1 complex (8пїЅ10). Covalent linkage of LAP to one of three latent TGFпїЅb binding proteins (LTBPs) creates a large latent complex that may interact with the extracellular matrix (9, 10). TGFпїЅb is activated from latency by pathways that include actions of the protease plasmin, matrix metalloproteases, thrombospondin 1 and a subset of integrins (10). Mature human TGFпїЅb1 shares 100% aa identity with pig, dog and cow TGFпїЅb1, and 99% aa identity with mouse, rat and horse TGFпїЅb1. It demonstrates crossпїЅspecies activity (1). TGFпїЅb1 signaling begins with highпїЅaffinity binding to a type II ser/thr kinase receptor termed TGFпїЅb RII. This receptor then phosphorylates and activates a second ser/thr kinase receptor, TGFпїЅb RI (also called activin receptorпїЅlike kinase (ALK) пїЅ5), or alternatively, ALKпїЅ1. This complex phosphorylates and activates Smad proteins that regulate transcription (3, 11, 12). Contributions of the accessory receptors betaglycan (also known as TGFпїЅb RIII) and endoglin, or use of SmadпїЅindependent signaling pathways, allow for disparate actions observed in response to TGFпїЅb in different contexts (11).\n\nSource: \nRecombinant corresponding to aa279-390 Human TGF-b1 expressed in HEK293 cells (P01137). \n\nMolecular Weight: \n~12.8kD\n\nBiological Activity:\nMeasured by its ability to inhibit the IL-4-dependent proliferation of HT-2 mouse T cells.\n \nEndotoxin: \n<0.10 EU per 1ug of protein by the LAL method\n\nStorage and Stability:\nLyophilized powder may be stored at -20 degrees C. Stable for 12 months at -20 degrees C. Reconstitute with sterile buffer or ddH2O. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Store at -20 degrees C. Reconstituted product is stable for 6 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

167703

Size

5ug

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a lyophilized powder in TFA, acetonitrile. No BSA added. Reconstitute at 100ug/ml in sterile 4mM HCl.

Purity

~95% (SDS-PAGE)

References

1. Derynck, R. and K. Miyazono (2008) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press p. 29. 2. Dunker, N. and K. Krieglstein (2000) Eur. J. Biochem. 267:6982. 3. Wahl, S.M. (2006) Immunol. Rev. 213:213. 4. Chang, H. et al. (2002) Endocr. Rev. 23:787. 5. Lin, J.S. et al. (2006) Reproduction 132:179. 6. Hinck, A.P. et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35:8517. 7. Mittl, P.R.E. et al. (1996) Protein Sci. 5:1261. 8. Derynck, R. et al. (1985) Nature 316:701. 9. Miyazono, K. et al. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263:6407. 10. Oklu, R. and R. Hesketh (2000) Biochem. J. 352:601. 11. de Caestecker, M. et al. (2004) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15:1. 12. Zuniga, J.E. et al. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 354:1052.