TLR1 (Toll Like Receptor 1) (PE)

TLR1 was cloned from a human erythroleukemic (TF-1) cell line-derived cDNA library (GenBank Accession # U88540) (1). TLR1 maps to chromosome 4p14 and its sequence encodes a putative 786 amino acid (aa) protein with 18 N- terminal LRRs and a calculated molecular weight of 84 kD (1, 2). TLR1 is most closely related to TLR6 and TLR10 with 68% and 48% overall aa sequence identity, respectively. In vivo, two different sized transcripts for TLR1 are observed suggesting that the mRNA is alternatively spliced to generate two different forms of the protein. TLR1 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed and found at higher levels than the other TLRs (1). Of the major leukocyte populations, TLR1 is most highly expressed by monocytes, but is also expressed by macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), polymorphonuclear leukocytes, B, T, and NK cells (3-6). In vitro, TLR1 mRNA and protein expression is upregulated in monocytic leukemic (THP-1) cells upon PMA-induced differentiation. While TLR1 expression is most significantly upregulated by autocrine IL-6, it is also elevated by IFN-b, IL-10, and TNF-a. However, TLR1 level is unaffected by exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (3). Ex vivo, both monocyte and granulocyte TLR1 expression is downregulated after exposure to Gram-negative bacteria (3). TLR1 forms a heterodimer with TLR2 (as do other TLRs). While the significance of TLR heterodimerization is not clearly understood, it is thought that some TLRs, such as TLR1, function to specify or enhance the PAMP sensitivity of TLR2 (7\n- 9). However, there is evidence that TLR2 may not signal as a homodimer and that TLR1 in this case is required for downstream functionality (10). TLR1 also heterodimerizes with TLR4 to inhibit TLR4 activity (11).\n\nApplications: \nSuitable for use in Flow Cytometry. Other applications not tested.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, add sterile glycerol (40-50%), aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 6 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

T8050-01D

Size

100Tests

Applications

FC

Hosts

Goat

Reactivities

Hum

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, BSA. Conjugated to PE.

P Type

Pab

Purity

Purified immunoglobulin

Isotype

IgG

References

1. Rock, F.L. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:588. \n2. Dunne, A. and L.A.J. O'Neill (2003) Sci. STKE 2003:re3. \n3. Zarember, K.A. and P.J. Godowski (2002) J. Immunol. 168:554. \n4. Muzio, M. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:5998. \n5. Hornung, V. et al. (2002) J. Immunol. 168:4531. \n6. Ochoa, M.T. et al. (2003) Immunology 108:10. \n7. Ozinsky, A. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:13766. \n8. Wyllie, D.H. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 165:7125. \n9. Hajjar, A.M. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 166:15. \n10. Zhang, H. et al. (2002) FEBS Lett. 532:171. \n11. Spitzer, J.H. et al. (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. 32:1182.

Additional Info

Recognizes human TLR1.