The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in mammal comprises a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules (1) and could constitute an important and unrecognized component of innate immunity in humans. The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition (2). TLRs characterized so far activate the MyD88/interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) signaling pathway. Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described (3). Stimulation of the NFkB signaling pathway by TLR7 suggests that it plays a role in immune response.
Applications:
Suitable for use in Flow Cytometry/FACS and Immunohistochemistry. Other applications not tested.
Recommended Dilution:
Flow Cytometry (intracellular): 0.5-2ug per 1x10e6 cells
Flow Cytometry (cell surface): see Wong et al, Lam. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol, 2007.
Immunohistochemistry (frozen): 1:20
Optimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.
Positive Control: Ramos cells
Storage and Stability:
May be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, add sterile glycerol (40-50%), aliquot and store at -20 degrees C. Aliquots are stable for at least 3 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.
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