TLR9 (Toll Like Receptor 9, CD289)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are highly conserved throughout evolution and have been implicated in the innate defense to many pathogens. In Drosophila toll is required for the anti-fungal response, while the related 18-wheeler is involved in antibacterial defenses. In mammals, TLR identified as type I transmembrane signalling receptors with pattern recognition capabilities, have been implicated in the innate host defense to pathogens. As investigated so far all functional characterized TLR signal via the TLR/IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) pathway where recruitment of MyD88 seems to be essential. In contrast to cell-wall components, bacterial DNA is probably invisible for immune cells until DNA is liberated during processes taking place in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment where intracellular TLR9 (CD289) recruits MyD88 to initiate signal transduction. Unmethylated CpG-dinucleotide-containing sequences are found much more frequently in bacterial genomes than in vertebrates genomes, whereas the frequency of CpG dinucleotides are suppressed and usually methylated. The regions adjacent to the CpG dinucleotides also affect the immunostimulatory activity. The optimal sequence differs significantly between mammalian species. Methylated CpG dinucleotides lack immunostimulatory activities. Cellular activation in response to bacterial DNA and synthetic dinucleotides containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides is mediated by TLR9.\n\nApplications:\nCan be used for Flow Cytometry, Western Blot and immunoassays as detection antibody. Furthermore the antibody is useful for Immunohistology on both frozen and paraffin sections.\n\nRecommended Dilution:\nImmunohistology: 1:10\nFlow Cytometry: 1:10\nWestern Blot: 1:10\nOptimal dilutions to be determined by the researcher.\n\nStorage and Stability:\nMay be stored at 4 degrees C for short-term only. For long-term storage and to avoid repeated freezing and thawing, aliquot and add glycerol (40-50%). Store at -20 degrees C or colder. Aliquots are stable for at least 12 months at -20 degrees C. For maximum recovery of product, centrifuge the original vial after thawing and prior to removing the cap. Further dilutions can be made in assay buffer.

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SPECIFICATIONS

Catalog Number

T8050-93B

Size

100ug

Applications

FC, IHC, WB

Hosts

Mouse

Reactivities

Hum, Mouse

Form

Supplied as a liquid in PBS, containing 0.02% sodium azide and 0.1% BSA.

P Type

Mab

Purity

Purified by Protein G affinity chromatography.

Isotype

IgG2a

References

1. Ahmad-Nejad, P et al; Bacterial CpG-DNA and lipopolysaccharides activate Toll-like receptors at distinct cellular compartments. Eur J Immunol 2002, 32: 1958. 2. Rumio, C et al ; Degranulation of paneth cells via Toll-like receptor 9. Am J Pathol 2004, 165: 373. 3. Rutz, M et al; Toll-like receptor 9 binds single-stranded CpG-DNA in a sequence- and pH-dependent manner. Eur J Immunol 2004, 34: 2541.

Additional Info

Recognizes human TLR9 (CD289). Stains RAW macrophages and TLR9 transfected HEK293 cells. Crossreactive with mouse TLR9.